Sunday, February 8, 2015
Financial inclusion by done Payment Banks
Ways in which Financial inclusion will be done Payment banks:
1) They are providing small savings accounts and payments / remittance services to migrant labor workforce, low income households, small businesses, other unorganized sector entities by enabling transactions in a technology driven environment.
2) Use of mobile phone is extensive and which will help in tapping the rural areas.
3)Payments banks will create the infrastructure which will provide access points to send and take out cash
4) As payment banks would be able to invest in government bonds, this would enable the providers to offer higher interest rates on deposits that might attract inactive money parked in savings bank accounts.
5) Payment banks need to have at least 25 per cent of physical access points, including BCs, in rural centres.
So one fully operational they will definitely increase the financial inclusion and will be helpful in bring prosperity to lower income groups.
1) They are providing small savings accounts and payments / remittance services to migrant labor workforce, low income households, small businesses, other unorganized sector entities by enabling transactions in a technology driven environment.
2) Use of mobile phone is extensive and which will help in tapping the rural areas.
3)Payments banks will create the infrastructure which will provide access points to send and take out cash
4) As payment banks would be able to invest in government bonds, this would enable the providers to offer higher interest rates on deposits that might attract inactive money parked in savings bank accounts.
5) Payment banks need to have at least 25 per cent of physical access points, including BCs, in rural centres.
So one fully operational they will definitely increase the financial inclusion and will be helpful in bring prosperity to lower income groups.
The Commercial Courts Bill 2015
India has been ranked 142nd in ease of doing business and has slipped from the previous 140th rank,which is a matter of concern. Trade has been the lynch-pin of development since ancient times. Looking at the sluggishness of the world economy and to have a positive BoP,we need to boost the manufacturing sector in the country towards the “make in India” campaign
In this regard,the formulation of the Commercial courts bill,2015 has been a progressive step. The salirnt features of this bill include:
1. setting a time limit of 90 days for delivery of judgment after conclusion of arguments
2. setting up appellate division benches in high courts which will hear the appeals from commercial courts.
3. provides for 'training and continuous education of judges' by the national and state judicial academies.
4. These courts will have judges with expertise and experience in commercial disputes and fixed tenure of two years so that continuity is maintained
5. the commercial court will be empowered to conduct a case management hearing by amending the CPC.
6. Will have powers to fix dates for hearing, decide which issues are to be tried and witnesses to be summoned.
7. the court will be empowered to impose costs and other penalties on parties for failure to follow the directions set out in a case management hearing,
1. setting a time limit of 90 days for delivery of judgment after conclusion of arguments
2. setting up appellate division benches in high courts which will hear the appeals from commercial courts.
3. provides for 'training and continuous education of judges' by the national and state judicial academies.
4. These courts will have judges with expertise and experience in commercial disputes and fixed tenure of two years so that continuity is maintained
5. the commercial court will be empowered to conduct a case management hearing by amending the CPC.
6. Will have powers to fix dates for hearing, decide which issues are to be tried and witnesses to be summoned.
7. the court will be empowered to impose costs and other penalties on parties for failure to follow the directions set out in a case management hearing,
Although speed and efficiency are all but guaranteed in the Commercial Court some pitfalls are-
1. efficiency is derived primarily from strictly enforced deadlines has consequent demands and pressures on both solicitors and their clients.
2. the cost of bringing claims is significant
3. litigating before the Commercial Court can often attract far greater publicity, which is not always welcomed.
1. efficiency is derived primarily from strictly enforced deadlines has consequent demands and pressures on both solicitors and their clients.
2. the cost of bringing claims is significant
3. litigating before the Commercial Court can often attract far greater publicity, which is not always welcomed.
However many countries like the USA have had commercial courts from 1990s itself. Also germany,england,france,austria,new zealand,ireland etc. hence this could be seen as a welcome step in the right direction
The Commercial Courts Bill 2015
In an effort to give a boost to Narendra Modi's 'Make in India' campaign and encourage foreign investments, the law commission on Thursday submitted a draft bill to the government on setting up of commercial courts.
The Commercial Courts Bill 2015, likely to be introduced in the coming budget session, has proposed some key amendments that includes setting a time limit of 90 days for delivery of judgement after conclusion of arguments besides powers to the courts to impose 'exemplary costs against defaulting parties for wilful failure to disclose all documents'.
Once the bill is passed by Parliament, it will lead to setting up of at least 60 commercial courts across the country or about two to three courts in each state, said law commission chairman Justice A P Shah. The bill also provides for appellate division benches in high courts which will hear the appeals from commercial courts.
The Commercial Courts Bill 2015, likely to be introduced in the coming budget session, has proposed some key amendments that includes setting a time limit of 90 days for delivery of judgement after conclusion of arguments besides powers to the courts to impose 'exemplary costs against defaulting parties for wilful failure to disclose all documents'.
Once the bill is passed by Parliament, it will lead to setting up of at least 60 commercial courts across the country or about two to three courts in each state, said law commission chairman Justice A P Shah. The bill also provides for appellate division benches in high courts which will hear the appeals from commercial courts.
bureaucrat : Challenges and pblms
Lack of security of tenure for important posts in India had greatly hampered the morale and efficiency of civil service. Discuss. Suggest measures to address this issue.
The life of any bureaucrat is comprised of a wide array of activities such as decision making,
formulating plans for action, implementing them, monitoring progress, evaluating feedback etc. All of these require time which varies greatly depending upon the type of project. For the past few years there have been several instances of surprise transfers of public servants. Reasons for such transfers are sometimes vague and unacceptable.
formulating plans for action, implementing them, monitoring progress, evaluating feedback etc. All of these require time which varies greatly depending upon the type of project. For the past few years there have been several instances of surprise transfers of public servants. Reasons for such transfers are sometimes vague and unacceptable.
1 Political interference : is a major cause of transfers and suspensions of civil servants. Some politicians who wish to have everything done their own way prefer to have dummy bureaucrats that they can bribe and control.
2 Corporate influence : Political parties that depend on large corporates to fund massive electorial campaigns are obliged to return the favour and when sincere officers attempt to protect interests of the common people, they are hastily relocated
Consequences
1 Impact on the Nation : Important social and economic projects begin with a vision and a change in leadership may lead to four major problems a) Distorted view of the goal that needs to be achieved b) new appointee will need time to understand and absorb the project to reach his predecessors level of efficiency c) lack of experience of the replacement officer regarding the project leads to unwanted delays and related complications d) Forceful and unexpected change in leadership creates a negative ripple effect on the efficiency of the assignment
1 Impact on the Nation : Important social and economic projects begin with a vision and a change in leadership may lead to four major problems a) Distorted view of the goal that needs to be achieved b) new appointee will need time to understand and absorb the project to reach his predecessors level of efficiency c) lack of experience of the replacement officer regarding the project leads to unwanted delays and related complications d) Forceful and unexpected change in leadership creates a negative ripple effect on the efficiency of the assignment
2 Impact on the Officer : a) Officer morale is affected when he is not given an opportunity to complete the task that he has begun b) Uncertainty of tenure leads to fear and instability that may adversely impact performance at work c) Instability of tenure causes inefficiency due to de-motivation when honest officers are punished instead of being rewarded
Suggestions
1 Strict official norms need to be adhered to in situations relating to transfer of civil sevants. Detailed explainations stating reason and cause for the transfer need to be provided to the officer.
1 Strict official norms need to be adhered to in situations relating to transfer of civil sevants. Detailed explainations stating reason and cause for the transfer need to be provided to the officer.
2 Unacceptable incidents of officers informed of their transfer/dismissal through government and media publications need to be legally dealt with. Every civil servant deserves to be given due notice before publishing the event to media houses.
Civil servants are the lifeline of a healthy democratic society. They are the caretakers of the peoples interests who implement ambitious political mandates. A confident, sincere and uncorrupt bureaucracy is essential for the development of India as a world power.
Saturday, February 7, 2015
भिक्षुक / Nirala
वह आता--
दो टूक कलेजे के करता पछताता
पथ पर आता।
पेट पीठ दोनों मिलकर हैं एक,
चल रहा लकुटिया टेक,
मुट्ठी भर दाने को-- भूख मिटाने को
मुँह फटी पुरानी झोली का फैलाता--
दो टूक कलेजे के करता पछताता पथ पर आता।
साथ दो बच्चे भी हैं सदा हाथ फैलाये,
बायें से वे मलते हुए पेट को चलते,
और दाहिना दया दृष्टि-पाने की ओर बढ़ाये।
भूख से सूख ओठ जब जाते
दाता-भाग्य विधाता से क्या पाते?--
घूँट आँसुओं के पीकर रह जाते।
चाट रहे जूठी पत्तल वे सभी सड़क पर खड़े हुए,
और झपट लेने को उनसे कुत्ते भी हैं अड़े हुए!
- Suryakant Tripathi Nirala
दो टूक कलेजे के करता पछताता
पथ पर आता।
पेट पीठ दोनों मिलकर हैं एक,
चल रहा लकुटिया टेक,
मुट्ठी भर दाने को-- भूख मिटाने को
मुँह फटी पुरानी झोली का फैलाता--
दो टूक कलेजे के करता पछताता पथ पर आता।
साथ दो बच्चे भी हैं सदा हाथ फैलाये,
बायें से वे मलते हुए पेट को चलते,
और दाहिना दया दृष्टि-पाने की ओर बढ़ाये।
भूख से सूख ओठ जब जाते
दाता-भाग्य विधाता से क्या पाते?--
घूँट आँसुओं के पीकर रह जाते।
चाट रहे जूठी पत्तल वे सभी सड़क पर खड़े हुए,
और झपट लेने को उनसे कुत्ते भी हैं अड़े हुए!
- Suryakant Tripathi Nirala
नज्म बहुत आसान थी पहले / निदा फ़ाज़ली
नज्म बहुत आसान थी पहले
घर के आगे
पीपल की शाखों से उछल के
आते-जाते बच्चों के बस्तों से
निकल के
रंग बरंगी
चिडयों के चेहकार में ढल के
नज्म मेरे घर जब आती थी
मेरे कलम से जल्दी-जल्दी
खुद को पूरा लिख जाती थी,
अब सब मंजर बदल चुके हैं
छोटे-छोटे चौराहों से
चौडे रस्ते निकल चुके हैं
बडे-बडे बाजार
पुराने गली मुहल्ले निगल चुके हैं
नज्म से मुझ तक
अब मीलों लंबी दूरी है
इन मीलों लंबी दूरी में
कहीं अचानक बम फटते हैं
कोख में माओं के सोते बच्चे डरते हैं
मजहब और सियासत मिलकर
नये-नये नारे रटते हैं
बहुत से शहरों-बहुत से मुल्कों से अब होकर
नज्म मेरे घर जब आती है
इतनी ज्यादा थक जाती है
मेरी लिखने की टेबिल पर
खाली कागज को खाली ही छोड के
रुख्ासत हो जाती है
और किसी फुटपाथ पे जाकर
शहर के सब से बूढे शहरी की पलकों पर
आँसू बन कर
सो जाती है।
घर के आगे
पीपल की शाखों से उछल के
आते-जाते बच्चों के बस्तों से
निकल के
रंग बरंगी
चिडयों के चेहकार में ढल के
नज्म मेरे घर जब आती थी
मेरे कलम से जल्दी-जल्दी
खुद को पूरा लिख जाती थी,
अब सब मंजर बदल चुके हैं
छोटे-छोटे चौराहों से
चौडे रस्ते निकल चुके हैं
बडे-बडे बाजार
पुराने गली मुहल्ले निगल चुके हैं
नज्म से मुझ तक
अब मीलों लंबी दूरी है
इन मीलों लंबी दूरी में
कहीं अचानक बम फटते हैं
कोख में माओं के सोते बच्चे डरते हैं
मजहब और सियासत मिलकर
नये-नये नारे रटते हैं
बहुत से शहरों-बहुत से मुल्कों से अब होकर
नज्म मेरे घर जब आती है
इतनी ज्यादा थक जाती है
मेरी लिखने की टेबिल पर
खाली कागज को खाली ही छोड के
रुख्ासत हो जाती है
और किसी फुटपाथ पे जाकर
शहर के सब से बूढे शहरी की पलकों पर
आँसू बन कर
सो जाती है।
मुझको भी तरकीब सिखा कोई, यार जुलाहे / गुलज़ार
मुझको भी तरकीब सिखा कोई यार जुलाहे
अक्सर तुझको देखा है कि ताना बुनते
जब कोई तागा टूट गया या ख़तम हुआ
फिर से बाँध के
और सिरा कोई जोड़ के उसमें
आगे बुनने लगते हो
तेरे इस ताने में लेकिन
इक भी गाँठ गिरह बुनतर की
देख नहीं सकता है कोई
मैंने तो इक बार बुना था एक ही रिश्ता
लेकिन उसकी सारी गिरहें
साफ़ नज़र आती हैं मेरे यार जुलाहे.
अक्सर तुझको देखा है कि ताना बुनते
जब कोई तागा टूट गया या ख़तम हुआ
फिर से बाँध के
और सिरा कोई जोड़ के उसमें
आगे बुनने लगते हो
तेरे इस ताने में लेकिन
इक भी गाँठ गिरह बुनतर की
देख नहीं सकता है कोई
मैंने तो इक बार बुना था एक ही रिश्ता
लेकिन उसकी सारी गिरहें
साफ़ नज़र आती हैं मेरे यार जुलाहे.
वह तोड़ती पत्थर / Nirala
वह तोड़ती पत्थर
देखा मैंने इलाहाबाद के पथ पर --
वह तोड़ती पत्थर ।
कोई न छायादार
पेड़, वह जिसके तले बैठी हुई स्वीकार;
श्याम तन, भर बँधा यौवन,
गुरु हथौड़ा हाथ
करती बार बार प्रहार;
सामने तरु - मालिका, अट्टालिका, प्राकार ।
चड़ रही थी धूप
गरमियों के दिन
दिवा का तमतमाता रूप;
उठी झुलसाती हुई लू
रुई ज्यों जलती हुई भू
गर्द चिनगी छा गयी
प्रायः हुई दुपहर,
वह तोड़ती पत्थर ।
देखते देखा, मुझे तो एक बार
उस भवन की ओर देखा छिन्न-तार
देखकर कोई नहीं
देखा मुझे उस दृष्टि से
जो मार खा रोयी नहीं
सजा सहज सितार,
सुनी मैंने वह नहीं जो थी सुनी झंकार ।
एक छन के बाद वह काँपी सुघर,
दुलक माथे से गिरे सीकार,
लीन होते कर्म में फिर ज्यों कहा --
"मैं तोड़ती पत्थर"
-Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
देखा मैंने इलाहाबाद के पथ पर --
वह तोड़ती पत्थर ।
कोई न छायादार
पेड़, वह जिसके तले बैठी हुई स्वीकार;
श्याम तन, भर बँधा यौवन,
गुरु हथौड़ा हाथ
करती बार बार प्रहार;
सामने तरु - मालिका, अट्टालिका, प्राकार ।
चड़ रही थी धूप
गरमियों के दिन
दिवा का तमतमाता रूप;
उठी झुलसाती हुई लू
रुई ज्यों जलती हुई भू
गर्द चिनगी छा गयी
प्रायः हुई दुपहर,
वह तोड़ती पत्थर ।
देखते देखा, मुझे तो एक बार
उस भवन की ओर देखा छिन्न-तार
देखकर कोई नहीं
देखा मुझे उस दृष्टि से
जो मार खा रोयी नहीं
सजा सहज सितार,
सुनी मैंने वह नहीं जो थी सुनी झंकार ।
एक छन के बाद वह काँपी सुघर,
दुलक माथे से गिरे सीकार,
लीन होते कर्म में फिर ज्यों कहा --
"मैं तोड़ती पत्थर"
-Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
Wednesday, February 4, 2015
Bio fuels
Bio fuels are liquid fuels obtained directly from plants and animal matters due to carbon fixation of geological past. the various generations of bio fuels are listed below..popular form of bio fuels are bio gas; bio diesel.vegetable oil.syngas etc
FIRST GENERATION
directly use the food crops like wheat and sugar for ethanol and oil seeds for bio diesel by conventional method of fermentation...
green house emission more...
SECOND GENERATION
here non- food crops used instead of food crops in first generation ....like wood ;organic waste etc
here non- food crops used instead of food crops in first generation ....like wood ;organic waste etc
THIRD GENERATION
used specially engineared algae and its bio mass used to convert into bio fuels;; here green house emission will be low compared to others
used specially engineared algae and its bio mass used to convert into bio fuels;; here green house emission will be low compared to others
since first generation completely depends on food directly the volume of food grains directing away from food market and been focusing on energy market..as every country is energy starved and good remuneration for farmers every one attracting to energy production..
with the third generation bio fuels the advantages are:
1)the algae are cultured to act as a low-cost
, high-energy and entirely renewable feedstock
2)t algae will have the potential to produce more energy per acre than conventional crops.
3) Algae can also be grown using land and water unsuitable for food production, therefore reducing the strain on already depleted water sources
4). algae based biofuels is that the fuel can be manufactured into a wide range of fuels such as diesel, petrol and jet fuel.
1)the algae are cultured to act as a low-cost
, high-energy and entirely renewable feedstock
2)t algae will have the potential to produce more energy per acre than conventional crops.
3) Algae can also be grown using land and water unsuitable for food production, therefore reducing the strain on already depleted water sources
4). algae based biofuels is that the fuel can be manufactured into a wide range of fuels such as diesel, petrol and jet fuel.
the fourth generation bio fuel which will further yet to reduce green house emission..itz a ray of hope for human kind for nurturing sustaninable development for upcoming generations
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